10 наиболее часто используемых команд управления Nginx, которые должен знать каждый администратор Linux

$ sudo yum install epel-release && yum install nginx [On CentOS/RHEL]
$ sudo dnf install nginx [On Debian/Ubuntu]
$ sudo apt install nginx [On Fedora]

$ nginx -v

nginx version: nginx/1.12.2

$ nginx -V

Show Nginx, Compiler and Configuration Parameters
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-debug --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E'

$ sudo nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

$ sudo nginx -T

Show Nginx Configuration Settings
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;

include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;

# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

location / {
}

error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}

....

$ sudo systemctl start nginx #systemd

$ sudo service nginx start #sysvinit

$ sudo systemctl enable nginx #systemd

$ sudo service nginx enable #sysv init

$ sudo systemctl restart nginx #systemd

$ sudo service nginx restart #sysv init

$ sudo systemctl status nginx #systemd

$ sudo service nginx status #sysvinit

Show Nginx Status Information
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@tecmint ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-03-05 05:27:15 EST; 2min 59s ago
Main PID: 31515 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─31515 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
└─31516 nginx: worker process

Mar 05 05:27:15 sedicomm.com systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 05 05:27:15 sedicomm.com nginx[31509]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 05 05:27:15 sedicomm.com nginx[31509]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 05 05:27:15 sedicomm.com systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
Mar 05 05:27:15 sedicomm.com systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.

$ sudo systemctl stop nginx #systemd

$ sudo service nginx stop #sysvinit

$ systemctl -h nginx

Nginx Help Commands and Options
systemctl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...

Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.

-h --help Show this help
--version Show package version
--system Connect to system manager
-H --host=[USER@]HOST
Operate on remote host
-M --machine=CONTAINER
Operate on local container
-t --type=TYPE List units of a particular type
--state=STATE List units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state
-p --property=NAME Show only properties by this name
-a --all Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty
ones. To list all units installed on the system, use
the 'list-unit-files' command instead.
-l --full Don't ellipsize unit names on output
-r --recursive Show unit list of host and local containers
--reverse Show reverse dependencies with 'list-dependencies'
--job-mode=MODE Specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when
queueing a new job
--show-types When showing sockets, explicitly show their type
-i --ignore-inhibitors
...